The Medical Sector’s 2.1-Million-Tonne Problem: Can Bioplastics Solve This?

A recent data-driven industry briefing, A Prescription for Change, led by Systemiq and partners, found that in just one year, healthcare in Europe and North America generated 2.1 million tonnes of single-use plastic waste, producing 9.3 million tonnes CO₂e and costing health systems nearly $56 billion. The report argues that safe, proven, and cost-saving interventions exist today and that urgent action is needed to decarbonise clinical plastics. That stark framing  – health systems both causing and suffering the effects of plastic pollution –  is the clearest, real-world signal yet that the medical sector must evaluate alternatives such as bioplastics. (SYSTEMIQ)

Below I use that report as the centrepiece and examine what the evidence says about bioplastics’ promise, the barriers to adoption in medicine, and what needs to happen next.

 

Why this matters now

The COVID era exposed how quickly clinical plastic volumes can surge: billions of PPE items, test kits and vaccine-related disposables added hundreds of thousands of tonnes of waste and created new disposal pressures. Global health bodies have flagged the problem and urged systems-level reforms, including greener materials and closed-loop approaches. The environmental and human-health costs of plastics are now better quantified – with recent reviews linking plastic pollution to broad public-health burdens. (World Economic Forum)

Given the scale and cost highlighted by Systemiq, reducing the footprint of single-use medical plastics is no longer optional – it is a financial, regulatory and ethical imperative for health systems.

 

What bioplastics are — and what they could offer healthcare

“Bioplastics” is an umbrella term: plastics made from renewable biological feedstocks (like polylactic acid from maize) or polymers designed to biodegrade. Potential advantages for healthcare include:

  • Reduced reliance on fossil feedstocks and lower lifecycle carbon intensity for some formulations.
  • Improved end-of-life options (industrial composting or biodegradation) for selected products, reducing landfill/incineration burdens when appropriate systems exist.
  • The possibility of bio-derived polymers engineered for biocompatibility or single-use disposables where sterilisation requirements are met.

But promise ≠ readiness – medical use demands validated sterility, consistent mechanical performance, and regulatory approval before substitution at scale. Recent systematic reviews show active research into circularising clinical plastics and testing new materials – but also underline that most bioplastics work remains at lab or pilot scale rather than broad clinical deployment. (ScienceDirect)

 

Where the evidence shows real potential

Research and modelling point to categories where bioplastics could realistically be introduced first:

  • Non-implant disposables and packaging: sterile packaging, trays, some diagnostic kit housings – where short service life and controlled sterilisation pathways make bioplastic alternatives feasible.
  • Lab consumables: certain single-use labwares and sample containers where materials can be specified and disposed of via dedicated streams.
  • PPE & protective coverings (select items): where performance and regulatory pathways can be proven without compromising safety.

The Systemiq briefing also highlights that switching materials must be combined with product redesign, reuse where possible, and improved procurement to realise cost and emissions benefits – material substitution alone is not a solution. (SYSTEMIQ)

 

The real barriers to clinical adoption

Several intersecting constraints slow adoption:

  • Regulation and safety testing: medical devices and packaging must meet strict standards for sterility, leachables, durability, and biocompatibility. New materials face long validation and regulatory review timelines.
  • Cost and scale: production of medical-grade bioplastics at the scale required by hospitals is expensive today; supply chains need investment to scale cost-competitively.
  • Disposal infrastructure: many biodegradable plastics require industrial composting to degrade safely. Most clinical waste streams are incinerated or landfilled, so environmental benefits depend on parallel investment in waste management.
  • Performance trade-offs: some bioplastics currently lack the heat, chemical, or mechanical resistance needed for certain sterilisation or long-term applications. (MDPI)

 

What systems-level changes would unlock scale

To move from pilots to systemwide adoption, stakeholders must act across the value chain:

  1. Targeted pilots and standardised testing – fast-track comparative trials that publish performance, cost, and lifecycle data. Regulators and standards bodies should create clear pathways for evaluating bioplastics under medical conditions.
  2. Procurement incentives – health systems and funders should include environmental criteria and long-term cost modelling in tenders to create market pull for medical-grade bioplastics.
  3. Industrial waste infrastructure – alignment between material choice and disposal capability (e.g., industrial composting, segregated recycling streams) to capture actual environmental benefits.
  4. Cross-sector R&D – partnerships between polymer scientists, clinicians, device manufacturers and regulators to co-design materials that meet clinical demands and circularity goals.
  5. Policy and reporting – transparent measurement and reporting on clinical plastic use, emissions, and pilot outcomes (so hospitals can benchmark progress). (SYSTEMIQ)

 

Bottom line

Bioplastics present a real and necessary part of the toolkit for reducing healthcare’s plastics footprint – especially for packaging and selected single-use items. But their promise depends on coordinated action: robust clinical testing, regulatory clarity, procurement strategies that reward sustainability, and investment in disposal infrastructure. The Systemiq findings make this urgent: the costs of inaction are large, and tools to reduce dependence on fossil plastics are already at hand – but scaling them safely into medicine requires deliberate systems change. (SYSTEMIQ)

 

Learn more, join our webinar on ‘The Future of Bioplastics’

The webinar will explore materials, regulatory considerations, and case studies:
Register your place today: https://ipi.academy/product/details/3118/the-future-of-bioplastics-in-the-medical-industry

 

Resources

  • Systemiq / Eunomia – A Prescription for Change: Rethinking plastics use in healthcare (press release & report briefing). (SYSTEMIQ)
  • World Economic Forum summary of WHO findings on medical waste surge during COVID-19. (World Economic Forum)
  • Systematic review on circular economy of healthcare plastics (ScienceDirect). (ScienceDirect)
  • MDPI Energies – analysis of economic conditions to circularize clinical plastics. (MDPI)
  • Recent Lancet/Guardian coverage on health impacts of plastics and global policy urgency. (The Guardian)

 

Published on Jan 11, 2026 by Ella Thomas